Most of the early civilizations evolved in

Correct option is C

The correct answer is (c) river valleys
Explanation:
· Most early civilizations evolved and flourished in river valleys because of the numerous advantages these areas provided for a burgeoning population.
· Fertile soil: Rivers regularly flood their banks, depositing nutrient-rich silt that makes the soil exceptionally fertile and suitable for agriculture. This allowed for a food surplus, which was a necessary prerequisite for the development of complex societies.
· Water supply: Rivers provided a reliable source of water for drinking, cooking, and sanitation, which was essential for sustaining large human settlements.
· Irrigation: Early civilizations developed irrigation systems to channel water from rivers to their crops, allowing them to cultivate land more efficiently and produce more food.
· Transportation and trade: Rivers served as natural highways, facilitating the transport of goods, people, and ideas, which promoted trade and cultural exchange among different settlements.
· Fishing and hunting: Rivers provided a source of fish and attracted animals seeking water, offering an additional food source for the population. 
Information Booster:
· Some of the most famous early civilizations that developed in river valleys include:
· Mesopotamian civilization: Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
· Egyptian civilization: Along the Nile River.
· Indus Valley civilization: Along the Indus River.
· Chinese civilization: Along the Yellow (Huang He) River.
· The term "Cradle of Civilization" is often applied to the Fertile Crescent, which includes the Mesopotamian and Nile River valleys, where agriculture and subsequent urbanization first began. 
Additional Knowledge: (a) coastal regions
· While coastal regions offer access to marine resources and trade, early large-scale agriculture and civilization developed primarily in river valleys, which offered more consistent freshwater and fertile land for large-scale crop production. 
(b) mountainous regions
· Mountainous regions are generally difficult to cultivate on a large scale and offer less fertile soil compared to river valleys. They are less suitable for sustaining large, dense populations required for complex civilizations. 
(d) deserts
· Deserts, by definition, lack sufficient water and fertile land to support large-scale agriculture, which was the basis for early civilizations. Oases within deserts could support small settlements but not entire civilizations.