Match the items of List-I with the appropriate items of List-II and select the correct code from the options given below.
List-I (Key Aspects of the 2019 Rakhigarhi DNA Study)
a) Source of the ancient DNA sample
b) Primary ancestry components identified
c) Notably absent ancestry in the IVC individual
d) Broader genetic implications for modern Indians
List-II (Descriptions)
1. A mixture of ancient Iranian-related farmers/herders and Ancient Ancestral South Indians (AASI)
2. Steppe pastoralists (associated with Indo-European migrations)
3. Skeletal remains of a woman from ~2500 BCE at Rakhigarhi, Haryana
4. IVC populations as direct genetic ancestors without external Steppe input during the civilization's peak

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4

Explanation:

• a-3: The 2019 study (Shinde et al.) extracted DNA from the skeletal remains of a woman found at the Harappan site of Rakhigarhi.
• b-1: The study found the ancestry was a mix of Iranian-related hunter-gatherers (who diverged before the advent of farming) and AASI.
• c-2: A major finding was the absence of Steppe pastoralist DNA in the IVC individual, suggesting the Steppe migration occurred later.
• d-4: This implies that IVC people are the primary ancestors of modern South Asians, and the "Aryan migration" occurred post-IVC.
• The research was led by scientists from Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, CCMB, and Harvard.

• Rakhigarhi is one of the largest settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization, located in Haryana.
• This study challenged the idea that large-scale farming was brought to India by a mass migration from Iran.

• These are incorrect permutations that mismatch the source of DNA (a skeleton) with genetic components or implications.