Correct option is B
The correct answer is (b) A-3, B-1, C-2
Explanation:
In the Chola dynasty, different categories of land were granted or classified based on ownership, usage, or religious and social function. Here's how each term is correctly matched:
- Brahmadeya refers to tax-free land grants given to Brahmanas, often consisting of one or several villages.
- Tirunamattukkani / Devadana: These were lands donated to temples for their maintenance and the conduct of rituals and festivals.
- Vellanvagai: This was land owned and cultivated by Vellalas, a dominant non-Brahmana land-owning peasant community.
Information Booster:
Chola Empire:
- Time Period: Prominent from 9th to 13th century CE.
- Founding Dynasty:Vijayalaya Chola founded the dynasty around 850 CE by capturing Tanjore.
- Greatest Rulers:
- Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014 CE): Expanded the empire in South India and Sri Lanka; built the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur.
- Rajendra Chola I (1014–1044 CE): Led naval expeditions to Southeast Asia (Srivijaya Empire); moved capital to Gangaikondacholapuram.
Administration
- Central Rule: King was supreme; assisted by ministers (Perundanam, Sirudanam).
- Provincial Division: Empire → Mandalams → Valanadus → Nadus → Villages.
- Village Autonomy: Notable feature; villages had Sabhas, Urs, and Nagaram.
- Kudavolai System: Unique method of electing village council members by lottery.
Military
- Strong military with infantry, cavalry, elephants, and navy.
- Notable units: Velaikkarar (royal guards), Kaikkolaperumdai (royal troops).
- Officers included Senapati, Dandanayaka, and Nayagam.
Economy
- Agriculture: Mainstay; improved irrigation with tanks and canals (e.g., Vativaykkal).
- Taxation: Based on land fertility; taxes like irai, kanikadan, kudimai.
- Trade: Flourished internally and externally (especially with Southeast Asia).
- Guilds:Ainutruvar, Manigramam, and Anjuvannam played vital roles in trade.
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