Correct option is A
(A) Worm: A worm is a type of malware that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers across a network. This matches definition (II).
(B) Bot: A bot is malware that responds to external commands sent by an attacker, which matches definition (IV).
(C) Denial-of-Service: A Denial-of-Service attack floods a site with useless traffic in order to overwhelm the network, which corresponds to definition (III).
(D) Pharming: Pharming misdirects users to a fraudulent website without their knowledge or consent, matching definition (I).
Information Booster:
- Worms are self-replicating and can spread across networks, exploiting security vulnerabilities.
- Bots are often controlled remotely by hackers and can be used in large-scale cyber-attacks, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS).
- Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks aim to make a website or online service unavailable by overwhelming it with excessive traffic.
- Pharming involves redirecting users from legitimate websites to fake ones, usually for stealing sensitive data like passwords or banking information.
- Worms are different from viruses in that they do not require a host program to spread.
- Bots can form a botnet, a network of infected computers controlled by attackers to carry out cyber-attacks.