Match the LIST-I with LIST-II:

LIST-I	LIST-II
A. Fear as an acquired drive	I. Fritz Heider
B. Frustration	II. Kurt Lewin
C. The Life Space	III. Amsel
D. Balance Theory	IV. Miller

Correct option is D

Fear as an Acquired Drive → Miller (A - IV)
Neal Miller (1948) proposed that fear can be learned through conditioning and function as a secondary (acquired) drive.

Frustration → Amsel (B - III)
Amsel (1958) developed the Frustration Theory, stating that when an expected reward is blocked, frustration occurs, which influences behavior.

The Life Space → Kurt Lewin (C - II)
Kurt Lewin introduced the Life Space Theory, which describes behavior as a function of an individual's psychological environment, including goals, needs, and situational influences.

Balance Theory → Fritz Heider (D - I)
Fritz Heider (1958) developed Balance Theory, which explains how people strive for consistency in their relationships and attitudes.

Information Booster:

Kurt Lewin’s Life Space Theory (Field Theory) – Key Points

Concept of Life Space
a. Life space refers to an individual’s psychological environment, including thoughts, emotions, goals, and interactions with external forces.
b. It represents all factors influencing a person’s behavior at a given time.

Field Theory
a. Behavior (B) is a function of the person (P) and their environment (E): B = f(P, E).
b. This means behavior results from the interaction between an individual and their psychological environment.

Dynamic Nature
a. Life space is constantly changing as individuals interact with new experiences, people, and challenges.
b. Changes in life space impact motivation and behavior.

Forces in Life Space
a. Driving forces push a person toward achieving a goal, such as motivation and rewards.
b. Restraining forces prevent or slow progress toward a goal, such as fear, anxiety, and obstacles.

Psychological and Physical Environment
a. Life space includes both real and perceived aspects of the environment.
b. External factors like social and cultural influences, as well as internal factors like personal beliefs and emotions, shape behavior.

Concept of Tension
a. Psychological tension arises when there is a gap between a person’s goals and their current state.

b. People are motivated to reduce this tension by taking action.