Correct option is C
The observation that "Justice is the first virtue of social institutions" is attributed to
John Rawls, a renowned American philosopher. This statement is a central idea in Rawls's seminal work,
"A Theory of Justice" (1971), where he argues that justice is the most fundamental principle for assessing the fairness of social institutions.
Rawls’s theory emphasizes that a just society is one in which the principles of justice are chosen under fair conditions. He introduces the concept of the "original position," a hypothetical situation where individuals select principles of justice behind a "veil of ignorance," meaning they do not know their place in society, their abilities, or their preferences. This ensures that the principles chosen are fair and impartial, reflecting the idea that justice is indeed the first and most important virtue of social institutions.
Information Booster
John Rawls (1921–2002) was one of the most influential political philosophers of the 20th century. His work, particularly
"A Theory of Justice," has shaped modern discussions of justice, fairness, and equality. Rawls's approach to justice, known as "justice as fairness," is built around two key principles:
1.
The Principle of Equal Liberty: Each person has an equal right to the most extensive basic liberties compatible with similar liberties for others.
2.
The Difference Principle: Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both:
· To the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society.
· Attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity.
These principles are intended to ensure that social institutions distribute benefits and burdens in a manner that is just and fair to all members of society, especially the least advantaged.
