Correct option is C
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a key tool of Judicial Activism in India. Through PILs, the courts allow individuals or organizations to approach the judiciary on behalf of the public, particularly the marginalized or disadvantaged, without needing a personal stake in the case. The judiciary uses PILs to address social, economic, and environmental issues, thus broadening the scope of justice. PIL has allowed the judiciary to take suo motu (on its own) actions in cases of human rights violations, corruption, environmental degradation, and other public concerns, making it a major aspect of Judicial Activism in India.
Other Concepts:
Judicial Independence refers to the autonomy of the judiciary from the executive and legislative branches, ensuring that judges can make decisions without external pressures.
Judicial Review is the power of the judiciary to review and strike down lawsor actions by the executive and legislature that violate the Constitution. Judicial activism can involve judicial review, but judicial activism refers more broadly to the active role of courts in addressing public issues, beyond just constitutional interpretation.
A committed judiciary refers to a judiciary that is aligned or committed to certain political or ideological stances, which is contrary to the principle of judicial neutrality.
