Correct option is A
→ Type of shear failure
General shear failure
Local shear failure
Punching shear failure.
Local Shear Failure
The local shear failure in soil occurs when the bearing pressure causes partial shear failure only in the zone immediately below the footing, without full development of failure surfaces up to the ground level.
Characteristics:
The failure pattern is clearly visible only beneath the footing.
The failure surfaces do not extend to the ground surface.
There is slight bulging of soil around the footing.
The failure occurs gradually, and no sudden collapse or tilting of footing is observed.
It is generally associated with large settlements.
The ultimate bearing capacity in such a case is not sharply defined.
