Correct option is C
The correct answer is (c) XIII.
Explanation:
The Kalinga War is mentioned in Major Rock Edict XIII of Ashoka.
- Edict XIII is one of the Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka, where he expresses his remorse over the bloodshed and violence caused by the Kalinga War (261 BCE).
- After the war, Ashoka adopted Buddhism and propagated Dhamma (moral law), marking a significant change in his approach to governance. In this edict, Ashoka highlights the suffering caused by war and his transformation towards a more peaceful and compassionate rule.
Information Booster:
14 Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka :
Rock Edict | Description |
Rock Edict I | Prohibited animal sacrifices and festive gatherings. |
Rock Edict II | Discussed social welfare initiatives like medical care for men and animals, construction of roads, wells, and tree planting. Mentioned Pandyas, Satyaputras, and Keralaputras from South India. |
Rock Edict III | Stressed on respect for parents and all living beings, including Brahmanas and Sramanas. |
Rock Edict IV | Focused on non-violence towards animals and showed respect for relations. |
Rock Edict V | Introduced Dhamma mahamattas (officials) appointed to protect the interests of all religious groups and spread the message of Dhamma. |
Rock Edict VI | Instructions for Dhamma-mahamattas to report to the king at any time. Also emphasized efficient governance. |
Rock Edict VII | Appealed for religious tolerance among all sects. |
Rock Edict VIII | Mentioned Dhamma yatras (tours) undertaken by the emperor, giving up hunting expeditions, and described Ashoka’s first visit to Bodh Gaya. |
Rock Edict IX | Condemned ceremonies after birth, illness, marriage, and before traveling, including those performed by mothers and wives. |
Rock Edict X | Criticized fame and glory, advocating the merits of following the Dhamma policy instead. |
Rock Edict XI | Further clarification of Dhamma principles, including respect for elders, non-killing, and generosity to friends. |
Rock Edict XII | Appealed for toleration and peaceful coexistence among various religious sects. |
Rock Edict XIII | Highlighted the idea of conquest by Dhamma over war. Mentioned Ashoka’s victory over Kalinga. |
Rock Edict XIV | Recorded the principles of Dhamma in either an abbreviated or extended form for appropriate action by the people. |
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