​In which of the following federations, the executive is collegiate ?​

Correct option is E

A collegiate executive refers to a system in which executive authority is not vested in a single individual (like a President or Prime Minister), but rather shared among a group of people collectively. This form of executive is best exemplified by Switzerland, where the Federal Council (a seven-member body) serves as the collective executive authority. Decisions are made collectively, and there is no single head of government who has overriding powers.

Information Booster :

(a) U.S.A.:
The United States has a presidential system where executive power is concentrated in a single individual—the President, who functions both as Head of State and Head of Government. Thus, it is not a collegiate executive.

(b) Australia:
Australia follows a parliamentary system where the executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and Cabinet, with the Prime Minister holding dominant authority. This does not qualify as a collegiate executive.

(c) Pakistan:
Pakistan also follows a parliamentary executive model, similar to the British system, where the Prime Minister is the central executive authority. Hence, it is not a collegiate executive.​