Identify the type of hypersensitivity in haemolytic anemia.

Correct option is C

Hemolytic anemia is primarily associated with Type II hypersensitivity, also known as cytotoxic hypersensitivity. In this reaction, antibodies (usually IgG or IgM) bind to antigens present on red blood cell membranes, leading to complement activation and destruction of RBCs. This immune response causes hemolysis, either intravascular or extravascular, resulting in anemia and related symptoms.
Explanation of options: (a) Anaphylactic – This refers to Type I hypersensitivity, which involves IgE and immediate allergic reactions like asthma or anaphylaxis, not RBC destruction. (b) Immune Complex – This is Type III hypersensitivity involving antigen-antibody complexes, typically affecting tissues like kidneys and joints, not red cells. (c) Cytotoxic – This is the correct answer. Type II hypersensitivity involves direct antibody-mediated lysis of cells, such as in autoimmune hemolytic anemia. (d) Delayed – This represents Type IV hypersensitivity, which is T-cell mediated and takes 48–72 hours to develop, like in tuberculosis or contact dermatitis.