Given below are two statements.
Statement I: ROM is temporary memory that can be written to or read from and the contents of the memory can be changed.
Statement II: RAM is permanent memory that can only be read from and contents of memory cannot be changed.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

Correct option is B

Review of Statement I (ROM):
• ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile permanent memory.
• It is read-only (in standard cases) — contents are written once during manufacturing (or programmable in some cases like PROM/EPROM/EEPROM).
• It cannot be classified as temporary memory, and in most cases, contents cannot be freely changed during normal operation.
• Therefore, Statement I is incorrect.
Review of Statement II (RAM):
• RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile temporary memory.
• Its contents are lost when power is turned off.
• RAM can be both read from and written to during operation, so the contents can be changed.
• RAM is not permanent memory.
• Therefore, Statement II is incorrect.
Conclusion
Both statements are incorrect, so the correct answer is:
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
Important Key Points:
1. ROM Characteristics:
o Non-volatile memory (retains data even when powered off).
o Primarily used for firmware and permanent instructions (BIOS, embedded systems).
o Types include PROM, EPROM, EEPROM — some can be reprogrammed but not as easily as RAM.
2. RAM Characteristics:
o Volatile memory (data is lost when power is off).
o Used for temporary storage while a computer is running programs.
o Two types:
 SRAM (Static RAM) - Faster, used for cache.
 DRAM (Dynamic RAM) - Slower, used for main memory.
Knowledge Booster:
• ROM is designed for permanent storage of critical data, such as boot code.
• RAM enables fast read/write access to actively used programs and data.
• EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM) allows rewriting data, but at much slower speeds than RAM.
• Non-volatile memory (NVM) such as SSDs and flash storage retains data even without power, but is distinct from both ROM and RAM.