Given below are two statements. One of them is labeled as Assertion A and the other as Reason R.
Choose the correct answer with the help of codes given below:
Assertion A: Some micro-organisms cause diseases in human beings, plants and animals
Reason R: Such disease causing micro-organisms are called pathogens

Correct option is A

The correct answer is A and R both are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
· Assertion (A): Some micro-organisms cause diseases in human beings, plants, and animals is true because:
· Micro-organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, are known to cause various diseases in humans, such as the flu, tuberculosis, and malaria.
· Plants are also susceptible to diseases caused by pathogens such as fungi (e.g., rusts, smuts, and molds), bacteria (e.g., bacterial wilt), and viruses (e.g., tobacco mosaic virus).
· Animals can be affected by micro-organisms causing diseases like foot-and-mouth disease in cattle and avian influenza in birds.
· Reason (R): Such disease-causing micro-organisms are called pathogens is true because:
· Pathogens are specifically defined as micro-organisms that can cause disease in their hosts, a category that includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
· The term 'pathogen' is universally used in the field of microbiology and medicine to describe any organism that can induce pathological conditions in humans, animals, or plants.
Additional Information
· Micro-organisms can enter hosts through various routes such as inhalation, ingestion, or through wounds, leading to different types of infections and diseases.
· Understanding the nature of pathogens and how they cause disease is crucial for developing treatments, vaccines, and preventive measures in both human and veterinary medicine, as well as in agriculture for protecting crops.