Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R

Assertion A: Dependent variables are the outcomes or results of the influence of the Independent Variables.  

Reason R: Because Independent variables are variables that are manipulated in the experiment.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct option is A

Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

• Assertion A: "Dependent variables are the outcomes or results of the influence of the Independent Variables."
• This assertion is correct. The dependent variable in an experiment is the variable that is measured or observed, and its values depend on the manipulation of the independent variable. The independent variable is deliberately altered or changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
• Reason R: "Because Independent variables are variables that are manipulated in the experiment."
• This reason is also correct. The independent variable is the one that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher in order to assess its effect on the dependent variable. In an experiment, researchers change the independent variable to observe how it affects the dependent variable.
• Explanation of the relationship: The assertion explains that dependent variables are the results of the influence of independent variables, and the reason clarifies that independent variables are the ones being manipulated in the experiment. Therefore, Reason R provides the correct explanation for Assertion A.

Information Booster:

1. Independent Variable: This is the variable that is controlled or manipulated in an experiment to examine its effect on the dependent variable. It is also referred to as the "predictor" variable.
2. Dependent Variable: This is the outcome or result in an experiment that is measured. Its changes are observed to see how they are affected by manipulations of the independent variable.
3. The relationship between independent and dependent variables is foundational in experimental research. By manipulating the independent variable, researchers observe its impact on the dependent variable.
4. Cause and Effect: Independent variables cause changes in dependent variables. The experiment is designed to test the cause-and-effect relationship between these variables.
5. Example: In a study on the effect of sunlight on plant growth, the amount of sunlight is the independent variable (manipulated), and the plant's growth (measured by height or number of leaves) is the dependent variable.

Additional Information:

• Independent Variables are always controlled or manipulated by the researcher, and Dependent Variables are measured to observe the effect of those manipulations.
• In a typical controlled experiment, researchers ensure that only the independent variable is changed, while all other conditions are kept constant to isolate its effect.