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​Given (an)n≥1 a sequence of real numbers, which of the following statements is true?
Question

Given (an)n1 a sequence of real numbers, which of the following statements is true?\text{Given } (a_n)_{n \geq 1} \text{ a sequence of real numbers}\\ \text{, which of the following statements is true?}​​

A.

n=1(1)nan1+an converges.\quad \sum_{n=1}^\infty (-1)^n \frac{a_n}{1 + |a_n|} \text{ converges.}​​

B.

There is a subsequence (ank)k1 such that k=1ank1+ank converges.\quad \text{There is a subsequence } (a_{n_k})_{k \geq 1} \text{ such that } \\\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{a_{n_k}}{1 + |a_{n_k}|} \text{ converges.}​​

C.

There is a number b such that n=1ban1+an(1)n converges.\quad \text{There is a number } b \text{ such that }\\ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \left| b - \frac{a_n}{1 + |a_n|} \right| (-1)^n \text{ converges.}​​

D.

There is a number b and a subsequence (ank)k1 such that k=1bank1+ank converges.\quad \text{There is a number } b \text{ and a subsequence } (a_{n_k})_{k \geq 1} \text{ such that } \\\sum_{k=1}^\infty \left| b - \frac{a_{n_k}}{1 + |a_{n_k}|} \right| \text{ converges.}​​

Correct option is D

n=1(1)nan1+an(i) Let an=n. Then:n=1(1)nn1+n does not converge.So, Option A is incorrect.Now, let ank be a subsequence.If an is convergent, then:limnan=limnank.This implies:limnank1+ank exists.If an diverges to ± or oscillates, we can still find a number such that:limnank=lorlimnank=±.In both cases:limnank1+ank exists.Thus, we can say that for every sequence (an), there exists a number b such that:k=1bank1+ank converges.So, Option D is correct.\sum_{n=1}^\infty (-1)^n \frac{a_n}{1 + |a_n|}\\\text{(i) Let } a_n = n.\text{ Then:}\sum_{n=1}^\infty (-1)^n \frac{n}{1 + n} \text{ does not converge.}\\\text{So, Option A is incorrect.}\\\text{Now, let } a_{n_k} \text{ be a subsequence.}\\ \text{If } a_n \text{ is convergent, then:}\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = \lim_{n \to \infty} a_{n_k}.\\\text{This implies:}\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{a_{n_k}}{1 + |a_{n_k}|} \text{ exists.}\\\text{If } a_n \text{ diverges to } \pm\infty \text{ or oscillates, we can still find a number such that:}\\ \lim_{n \to \infty} a_{n_k} = l \quad \text{or} \quad \lim_{n \to \infty} a_{n_k} = \pm\infty.\\\text{In both cases:}\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{a_{n_k}}{1 + |a_{n_k}|} \text{ exists.}\\\text{Thus, we can say that for every sequence } (a_n), \\ \text{ there exists a number } b \text{ such that:}\\\sum_{k=1}^\infty \left| b - \frac{a_{n_k}}{1 + |a_{n_k}|} \right| \text{ converges.}\\\textbf{So, Option D is correct.}​​

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