Correct option is D
Gabriel Almond classified pressure groups into four distinct categories:
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A. Associated groups: These are organized groups, such as trade unions or business associations, which have a formal structure and clear objectives.
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B. Non-associational groups: These groups are informal and lack a permanent structure, often based on kinship or ethnicity.
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C. Institutional groups: These are groups within formal institutions, such as the military or bureaucracy, that influence policy through their positions of power.
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D. Anomic groups: These groups are spontaneous and unorganized, often arising from riots, demonstrations, or sudden social movements.
Explanation of Incorrect Statement:
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E. Non-anomic groups: This category is not part of Gabriel Almond’s classification of pressure groups.
Information Booster:
1.
Associated groups: These include
organized interest groups that actively seek to influence policy, like business lobbies or trade unions.
2.
Non-associational groups: Often less formally structured, they rely on traditional ties like family, tribe, or community.
3.
Institutional groups: These groups function within established organizations like government agencies or the military, using their positions to impact policy.
4.
Anomic groups: Characterized by their
spontaneous and sometimes chaotic nature, they arise in response to immediate issues, such as protests or riots.