For a battery consider the following two statements
S1 Potential difference V across the terminals of a battery may either be equal to or less than the emf E of the battery.
S2 During discharge of a battery, potential difference V across two terminals of the battery is V = E − ir (r is the internal resistance of the battery and i is the current through it).
Using the code given below, select the correct answer.

Correct option is C

Correct answer is C
Explanation:
The emf (E]of a battery represents the maximum potential difference it can provide when no current flows (i.e., in an open circuit).
When the battery is discharging, a current (i} flows through the internal resistance {r) of the battery. This leads to a voltage drop across r, given by ir.
Therefore, the potential difference (V} across the terminals of the battery during discharge is given by:
V = E - ir
From this equation, we see that V can be equal to E when i = 0 (no current flows) or less than E when i > 0 (current flows).
This validates that S is true, as V can be either equal to or less than E. It also shows that S is true, as it correctly expresses the relationship between V, E, i, and r during discharge.
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