Correct option is D
Explanation-
Statement A - Seed maturation involves mainly the accumulation of storage products, such as starch, lipids, and proteins - CORRECT
During seed maturation, the developing embryo accumulates reserve food materials to support germination and early growth. These include starch (especially in cereals), storage proteins (e.g., globulins, albumins), lipids (especially in oilseeds like sunflower, soybean). These storage compounds accumulate in specialized cells like aleurone layer or cotyledons/endosperm, depending on the seed type.
Statement B - A large number of chaperones including the family of LATE EMBRYO ABUNDANT (LEA) proteins play a crucial role in the desiccation process of seeds - CORRECT
As seeds mature, they undergo desiccation (drying), a critical phase that prepares them for dormancy. LEA proteins, expressed during late embryogenesis, act as molecular chaperones, protecting proteins and membranes from damage caused by dehydration. Hydrophilins, stabilizing cellular structures under low water content. These are essential for ensuring seed viability and longevity during dormancy.
Statement C - Moisture content gets reduced with the maturation of seed - CORRECT
A hallmark of seed maturation is the progressive loss of water. Moisture content in seeds drops from 80–90% to about 5–15%. This reduction prevents metabolic activity, induces dormancy and enhances resistance to microbial attack and mechanical damage. This desiccation tolerance is critical for seed storage and germination.
Statement D - ABA and gibberellin both promote seed dormancy - INCORRECT
This statement is partially incorrect because ABA (abscisic acid) does indeed promote seed dormancy and inhibits germination. It is crucial for seed maturation, desiccation tolerance, and dormancy. Gibberellins (GA) have the opposite effect — they break seed dormancy and promote germination by activating enzymes like α-amylase that mobilize stored food.
So, ABA and GA have antagonistic roles in seed development and germination.
Final answer-
Correct Statements: A, B, and C (Option d)
