Earth remote sensing satellites (EOS) are primarily designed to:

Correct option is B

The correct answer is: (b) Monitor weather, land use, and environmental changes on Earth
Explanation:
· Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), also called remote sensing satellites, are designed to collect data about the Earth’s surface and atmosphere.
· They use sensors and cameras to monitor weather patterns, agricultural land use, deforestation, water bodies, urban growth, and natural disasters.
· This helps in resource management, disaster mitigation, climate studies, and environmental monitoring.
Information Booster:
· India’s remote sensing program began with IRS-1A (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite) in 1988.
· Presently, ISRO operates satellites like Cartosat, Resourcesat, Oceansat, RISAT under EOS series.
· Remote sensing uses electromagnetic spectrum (visible, infrared, microwave).
· Data from EOS is used in agriculture forecasting, flood/drought monitoring, and smart city planning.
· ISRO renamed its remote sensing series as EOS from 2020 onwards.
Additional Knowledge:
· Option (a) Drill into Earth’s crust → Done by geological surveys & drilling technology, not satellites.
· Option (c) Build underground transport systems → Related to civil engineering, not satellites.
· Option (d) Study Earth’s internal structure using seismic waves → Done by seismology, not remote sensing satellites.