Cuttings of black pepper are raised mainly from

Correct option is A

✅ (a) runner shoots
· Runner shoots in black pepper are young, vigorous shoots spreading near the ground.
· They are ideal for vegetative propagation due to their high rooting ability.
· Cuttings from runner shoots produce robust and uniform plants.
· Common practice in commercial pepper plantations.
❌ (b) orthotropes
· Orthotropic shoots grow vertically and are used mainly for maintaining the vine’s height.
· They are not preferred for propagation as they root less efficiently.
❌ (c) plagiotropes
· Plagiotropic shoots grow horizontally and bear spikes (inflorescences).
· Not suitable for propagation as they don’t produce vigorous plants.
❌ (d) geotropes
· Geotropes refer to plant movements in response to gravity, not a type of shoot.
· Irrelevant term in the context of black pepper propagation.