Cretinism is found in -

Correct option is C

Ans. (c) Congenital Hypothyroidism
Explanation:
Cretinism is a condition caused by congenital hypothyroidism, which occurs due to thyroid hormone deficiency at birth. It leads to severe developmental and physical growth retardation if untreated.
Causes of Congenital Hypothyroidism (Leading to Cretinism):
1. Thyroid Dysgenesis → Absent, underdeveloped, or ectopic thyroid gland.
2. Iodine Deficiency → Most common preventable cause worldwide.
3. Inborn Errors of Thyroid Hormone Synthesis (Dyshormonogenesis).
4. Maternal Hypothyroidism (Untreated During Pregnancy).
Symptoms of Cretinism:
· Severe mental retardation (irreversible if untreated early).
· Short stature, delayed growth, and bone development.
· Thickened tongue and hoarse cry.
· Puffy face and slow reflexes.
· Umbilical hernia.
Why are the other options incorrect?
1. Type I Diabetes Mellitus → (Incorrect Choice)❌
· Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin deficiency, NOT thyroid hormone deficiency.
2. Autoimmune RBC Destruction → (Incorrect Choice)❌
· Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) affects red blood cells, not thyroid function.
3. Hyperthyroidism → (Incorrect Choice)❌
· Opposite of cretinism, where there is an excess of thyroid hormones, causing weight loss, heat intolerance, and increased metabolism.