Correct option is A
Explanation -
Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species evolve similar traits or functions independently, often due to similar environmental pressures or ecological roles. Analogous structures have similar functions but different evolutionary origins.
Example: Wings of birds and insects – both used for flying, but their structure and development are very different.
Incorrect Options -
Option b - Homologous structures – These arise from a common ancestor and may or may not perform the same function. Seen in divergent evolution, not convergent.
Option c - Synapomorphies – These are shared derived traits among groups from a common ancestor, again related to common ancestry, not convergence.
Option d - Pleiotropic structures – These refer to traits controlled by one gene affecting multiple traits, unrelated to convergent evolution.
Correct Option: Option a - Analogous structures
