Consider the following statements about the reign of Humayun.
1. When Humayun came into power in 1530, the newly conquered territories and administration were not consolidated.
2. He also confronted the hostility of the Afghans, mainly Sher Khan in Bihar, on the one hand and Bahadur Shah, the ruler of Gujarat, on the other.
3. The Chaghatai nobles were in favourably inclined towards him and the Indian nobles, who had joined Babur's service, supported the Mughals at Humayun's accession.
Which of the given statements is/are correct?

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Correct option is C

The correct answer is (c) 1 and 2 only

Explanation:

Let’s examine the statements one by one about Humayun's reign:

Statement 1:
"When Humayun came into power in 1530, the newly conquered territories and administration were not consolidated."
Correct – Babur had defeated major rivals (like Ibrahim Lodi) and laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire, but he died soon after (1530). The territories he won were not yet fully consolidated or stabilized administratively, posing a major challenge for Humayun.

Statement 2:
"He also confronted the hostility of the Afghans, mainly Sher Khan in Bihar, on the one hand and Bahadur Shah, the ruler of Gujarat, on the other."
Correct – Humayun faced serious threats from two powerful enemies:

• Sher Khan (Sher Shah Suri), an Afghan chieftain, was rising in Bihar and later expelled Humayun from India.
• Bahadur Shah of Gujarat was expanding aggressively and posed another serious challenge in western India.

Statement 3:
"The Chaghatai nobles were in favourably inclined towards him and the Indian nobles, who had joined Babur's service, supported the Mughals at Humayun's accession."
Incorrect – The Chaghatai (Central Asian) nobles were often divided and not particularly loyal to Humayun. There was considerable factionalism. Many Indian nobles also doubted Humayun’s capability and loyalty. He had to contend with internal dissent and lack of unified support among Mughal nobility.

Information Booster:

Humayun: The Second Mughal Emperor (Reign: 1530–1540 & 1555–1556)

Major Military Campaigns & Setbacks

Afghan Challenge

• In 1532, defeated Afghans at Battle of Dauhra.
• Besieged Chunar, but withdrew after trusting Sher Khan (Sher Shah Suri) — a strategic blunder.

Gujarat Campaign

• Captured Gujarat and Malwa from Bahadur Shah.
• Left control to Askari, but rebellions forced Humayun to return and reconcile with Askari.

Conflict with Sher Shah Suri

• In 1539, Humayun was defeated at Chausa and narrowly escaped.
• In 1540, suffered a decisive defeat at Kanauj, leading to exile.

Exile and Restoration

• After 1540, wandered as a refugee, eventually reaching Iran.
• Received military support from Shah Tahmasp I of Persia.
• Recaptured Kandahar (1545) and Kabul (1550) from Kamran.
  
• In 1555, defeated Sikandar Suri at Sirhind, regaining Delhi and Agra.

Important Battles of Humayun