Consider the following research statement: "A study to assess motivation-focused intervention effect on self-esteem of adolescents in school." What type of variable is ‘motivation-focused intervention’ in the statement above?

Correct option is B

Ans. (b) Sol. Motivation-focused intervention is an independent variable, as it is the factor being manipulated or assessed to see its effect on another variable (self-esteem). Independent variables are the cause or input in a study that affects the outcome (dependent variable).
· (a) Confounding: A confounding variable is one that influences both the independent and dependent variables, causing a spurious association.
· (c) Dependent: The dependent variable is the outcome or effect being measured, in this case, self-esteem.
· (d) Extraneous: These are variables that are not of interest in the study but could affect the dependent variable.