Consider the following excerpt taken from NCERT Science textbook (Class VII) :
You might have heard the name of famous Scientist Galileo Galilie. (AD 1564 - 1642). It is said that once Galileo was sitting in a church. He noticed that a lamp suspended from the ceiling with a chain was moving slowly from one side to the other. He was surprised to find that his pulse beat the same number of times during the interval in which the lamp completed one oscillation. Galileo experimented with various pendulums to verify his observation. His observation led to development of pendulum clocks. Winding clocks and wrist watches were refinements of the pendulum clocks.
Which of the following aspects of Nature of Science does the above excerpt illustrate ?
(A) Science is tentative
(B) Science is based on empirical evidence
(C) Science is advanced through creativity and imagination of scientists
(D) Science is objective and value neutral

Correct option is C

The correct answer is (B) and (C).
The given excerpt about Galileo Galilei’s observation and experimentation with pendulum illustrates several aspects of the Nature of Science.
Science is based on empirical evidence: Galileo’s observation of the lamp and his subsequent experiments with various pendulum demonstrate how science relies on evidence to support its claims. He didn’t just accept his observation as a mere coincidence but actively tested it through experimentation.
Science is advanced through the creativity and imagination of scientists: Galileo’s innovative use of his pulse to measure the period of the lamp’s oscillation exemplifies the role of creativity and imagination in scientific progress. He didn’t simply accept existing methods but devised a new way to measure time, eventually leading to the invention of pendulum clocks.