"Conflict is not warfare, but is only an appearance of difference - difference of opinions, of interests not only between employer and employee but also between managers, between directors or wherever differences appear." Who made this statement ?

Correct option is C

The statement is attributed to Mary Parker Follett, a renowned management thinker and social philosopher. She viewed conflict not as something to be avoided but as an opportunity for growth, innovation, and integration. Follett emphasized constructive conflict resolution, focusing on collaboration and finding common ground.

Explanation:

1. Conflict as a Positive Force: Follett argued that conflict is not inherently destructive; it can lead to creative problem-solving when managed effectively.
2. Integration Approach: She proposed an integration approach to resolve conflicts, where all parties' interests are considered and addressed.
3. Beyond Employer-Employee: Follett highlighted that conflict is not limited to hierarchical relationships but occurs across all levels of an organization.
4. Her work laid the foundation for modern conflict resolution techniques, emphasizing dialogue and mutual understanding.

Information Booster:

• Mary Parker Follett is often referred to as the "Mother of Modern Management."
• Her ideas on leadership, conflict resolution, and organizational behavior were ahead of her time.
• She stressed the importance of participatory decision-making and power sharing.
• Follett’s concept of "power with" (collaborative power) contrasts with "power over" (authoritative power).

Additional Information:

• (a) Chester Barnard: Known for his work on the functions of the executive and organizational behavior. His focus was more on authority and cooperation in organizations.
• (b) Rensis Likert: Famous for his Likert scale and theories on leadership and management styles (e.g., System 4 Management).
• (c) Mary Parker Follett: Recognized for her pioneering ideas on conflict resolution, participatory management, and the integration of human relations into organizations.
• (d) Douglas McGregor: Known for Theory X and Theory Y, focusing on management's assumptions about worker motivation.

Key Points:

• Follett’s ideas remain highly relevant in conflict management, organizational development, and leadership studies.
• Her integration approach has influenced modern negotiation and mediation techniques.
• She championed the idea of inclusive and collaborative work environments long before it became mainstream.