Assertion-Reason: Popper, falsification and demarcation
Assertion (A): Karl Popper argued that conjecture and falsification are involved in science. Reason (R): Popper takes falsifiability as the solution to the demarcation problem and problem of induction.

Correct option is A

Popper proposed that science advances through bold conjectures followed by attempts at falsification, rejecting verification as the criterion of science. He used falsifiability precisely to demarcate science from non-science, and to bypass Hume's problem of induction (since no number of confirming instances can prove a theory true, but a single disconfirming instance can falsify it). This makes R a correct and direct explanation of A.
Information Booster:
1. Popper's philosophy is called "falsificationism" or critical rationalism.
2. The demarcation problem asks: what separates science from pseudoscience?
3. The problem of induction (Hume) questions how we justify generalizing from finite observations.
4. Popper contrasted his view with logical positivism's emphasis on verification.