Assertion A: Sir Charles Napier justified the annexation of Sindh on moral and legal grounds.

Reason R: He described it as a “useful humane piece of rascality”.

Correct option is D

The correct answer is: (d) Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
· Assertion (A): True → Sir Charles Napier, who annexed Sindh in 1843, justified it on moral and legal grounds, portraying it as necessary for British interests and order.
· Reason (R): True → Napier cynically described the annexation as a “useful humane piece of rascality”, acknowledging its opportunistic nature.
· However, this phrase reflects his personal cynical view, not the official justification. Hence, R is not the correct explanation of A.
Information Booster:
· Annexation of Sindh happened after the Battle of Miani (1843).
· Napier defeated Talpur Amirs of Sindh.
· Sindh’s annexation strengthened British control over north-western India and secured the Indus route.
· Napier became the first Governor of Sindh (1843–1847).
· This annexation is often seen as an example of British expansionist policy under Dalhousie’s era and before.