Asgsessment for learning in Science does not include :

Correct option is D

The correct answer is Ranking after end-term exam.
Assessment for learning in science refers to a formative assessment approach that focuses on evaluating student progress, identifying areas for improvement, and providing feedback to enhance learning. It is an ongoing process that helps students understand their strengths, weaknesses, and areas for growth.
The goal is to support student learning and development rather than assigning rankings or grades. Ranking after the end-of-term exam is not aligned with assessment for learning. Ranking typically implies assigning students positions based on their relative performance compared to others, often using a numerical or percentile-based system. Assessment for learning focuses on individual growth and progress rather than ranking students against each other.