​Arrange the following sentences in sequential order according to classical conditioning:​

(A) A stimulus such as food is presented to an organism which is called an unconditioned stimulus (US).
(B) The neutral stimulus light alone is provided which makes the organism salivate.
(C) A neutral stimulus such as light is presented to the organism just prior to the presentation of US.
(D) Another neutral stimulus (tone) is provided prior to light.
(E) The neutral stimulus (tone) above is provided which makes the organism salivate.

Correct option is C

In Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning, the correct sequence follows:

1. (A) A stimulus such as food is presented (Unconditioned Stimulus - US)
   

• This naturally elicits an unconditioned response (salivation).

2. (C) A neutral stimulus such as light is presented just before the US
   

• The neutral stimulus (light) is initially meaningless, but it is paired with the food (US).

3. (B) The neutral stimulus (light) alone is provided, which makes the organism salivate
   

• Over time, the organism learns to associate the neutral stimulus (light) with the unconditioned stimulus (food), causing salivation.

4. (E) The neutral stimulus (tone) above is provided, which makes the organism salivate
   

• After conditioning, the tone is introduced and paired with the light. The organism then associates the tone with the response.

5. (D) Another neutral stimulus (tone) is provided prior to light
   

• This demonstrates second-order conditioning, where a new neutral stimulus (tone) is introduced before the conditioned stimulus (light), creating a new learned response.