Arrange the conferences in their chronological order under North South Dialogue.

(1) Cancun Conference(2) Brant Commission(3) Paris Conference(4) Uruguay Talks

Correct option is B

1. Paris Conference (1975) – Establishment of the New International Economic Order (NIEO)

• Year: 1975
• Key Focus: Establishment of the New International Economic Order (NIEO).
• Details:
  • The Paris Conference was held under the framework of the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC).
  • It was a response to the economic disparities between developed and developing nations, particularly after the oil crisis of 1973.
  • The NIEO was proposed by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 1974 to promote a more just and equitable economic order.
  • Main demands of NIEO included:
    • Better terms of trade for developing nations.
    • More equitable control over global resources.
    • Increased financial assistance and debt relief.
  • However, Western nations resisted major economic reforms, and the Paris Conference saw limited success.

2. Brandt Commission (1980) – North-South Economic Disparities Report

• Year: 1980
• Key Focus: Analyzing economic interdependence and disparities between North and South.
• Details:
  • The Brandt Commission, officially called the Independent Commission on International Development Issues, was chaired by Willy Brandt, former Chancellor of West Germany.
  • The commission published the Brandt Report ("North-South: A Program for Survival") in 1980.
  • Key recommendations of the report:
    • Increased economic cooperation between developed and developing nations.
    • Promotion of fair trade and reduction of protectionism.
    • Debt relief and increased aid to developing countries.
    • More investments in global infrastructure and human development.
  • The report was highly influential but had limited direct implementation due to resistance from powerful economies.

3. Cancun Conference (1981) – North-South Economic Dialogue

• Year: 1981
• Key Focus: A high-level summit between developed and developing countries to discuss economic cooperation.
• Details:
  • The North-South Summit, also called the Cancun Conference, was held in Mexico in 1981.
  • Leaders from 22 countries (including the U.S., U.K., France, and India) attended.
  • The meeting aimed to bridge economic gaps between rich and poor nations, focusing on:
    • Economic aid and investment in the Global South.
    • Food security and agricultural assistance.
    • Reducing trade barriers and promoting technology transfer.
  • Outcomes:
    • U.S. President Ronald Reagan opposed many proposals, including calls for a global economic restructuring.
    • The conference ended without a consensus, and tensions between developed and developing nations remained high.

4. Uruguay Talks (1986-1994) – Trade Negotiations Under GATT, Leading to WTO Formation

• Year: 1986-1994
• Key Focus: Liberalizing global trade under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
• Details:
• The Uruguay Round of trade negotiations was launched in Punta del Este, Uruguay in 1986.
• The negotiations lasted for 8 years and culminated in the Marrakesh Agreement (1994), which led to the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995.
• Key trade liberalization measures:
  • Reduction of tariffs and non-tariff barriers.
  • Strengthening of intellectual property rights (TRIPS Agreement).
  • Expansion of global trade rules to cover services and agriculture.
• Impact on North-South Relations:
  • Developed nations pushed for more open markets, benefiting large multinational corporations.
  • Developing nations sought greater access to global markets but faced challenges like intellectual property restrictions and agricultural subsidies in the West.
• The Uruguay Round significantly transformed global trade, but critics argue that it favored developed economies over the Global South.

Hence correct chronological order will be   (3) Paris Conference (1975) → (2) Brandt Commission (1980) → (1) Cancun Conference (1981) → (4) Uruguay Talks (1986-1994)