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    Apart from Bertolt Brecht others who have influenced Epic theatre are:
    Question

    Apart from Bertolt Brecht others who have influenced Epic theatre are:

    A.

    Erwin Piscator and Antonin Artaud

    B.

    Martin Esslin and Max Reinhardt

    C.

    Erwin Piscator and Max Reinhardt

    D.

    Constantin Stanislavski and Max Reinhardt

    Correct option is C

    While Bertolt Brecht is the most recognized proponent of Epic Theatre, other key figures contributed to its development, especially Erwin Piscator and Max Reinhardt in different ways:

    Erwin Piscator
    A pioneer of political theatre in Weimar Germany.
    He heavily influenced Brecht’s early thinking and is often credited with co-creating Epic Theatre.
    Known for using multimedia, documentary material, and didactic techniques on stage.

    Max Reinhardt
    Although not a direct Epic Theatre practitioner, Reinhardt was a major force in early 20th-century theatrical innovation.
    He promoted non-naturalistic staging, ensemble acting, and large-scale theatrical spectacles, which influenced both Brecht and Piscator’s rethinking of traditional theatre formats.

    Information Booster:
    Epic Theatre is defined by alienation effect (Verfremdungseffekt), non-linear plots, direct address, songs, and placards.

    It opposes Aristotelian unities and emotional catharsis.

    The goal is critical detachment that leads to social awareness and action.

    Additional Knowledge:
    Augusto Boal, though later, expanded Epic Theatre ideas into his Theatre of the Oppressed.

    Brecht also credited Marxist ideology, Chinese theatre, and even Elizabethan drama (e.g., Shakespeare) as influences for his Epic structure.

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