Announced in 2025, what type of engine is ISRO designing for Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV)?

Correct option is D

Correct Answer: (d) LOX–Methane engine
Explanation
· In 2025, ISRO announced that the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) will use a LOX–Methane (Methalox) engine as its core propulsion.
· This engine will power a configuration with a reusable booster stage and expendable upper stages, supporting heavier payloads and repeated missions.
· The design focuses on high efficiency, restart capability and reduced operational cost, which are essential for future human and deep-space missions.
Information Booster
· A LOX–Methane engine uses liquid oxygen as oxidiser and methane as fuel, a combination known for cleaner exhaust and less engine coking.
· Methane can be produced from water and carbon dioxide, making it attractive for in-situ resource utilisation on destinations like Mars.
· ISRO has tested a spark torch igniter for these stages to enable multiple restarts and higher ignition reliability during flight.
Additional Knowledge
· NGLV (also referred to as Soorya) is planned as a partially reusable heavy-lift rocket designed to eventually replace several existing Indian launchers.
· It is central to India’s roadmap for a space station by 2035 and a crewed lunar mission by 2040, increasing India’s role in global space exploration.
· Private industry is expected to handle much of the manufacturing and operational launches, with ISRO focusing on design and development.