Correct option is C
The correct answer is mitochondria, as it does not obtain proteins via vesicular transport. Unlike organelles of the endomembrane system (such as the ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and endosomes), mitochondria import their proteins directly from the cytosol through specialized protein translocase complexes located in their membranes (TOM and TIM complexes — Translocase of the Outer/Inner Membrane).
Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes, but most of their proteins are still encoded by nuclear genes, synthesized in the cytosol, and imported post-translationally using energy-dependent transport mechanisms, not vesicles.
Additional Information:
- (a) Endosomes: Receive proteins via vesicles from the Golgi and the plasma membrane. They play a key role in endocytosis and receptor recycling.
- (b) Lysosome: Proteins reach lysosomes via vesicles from the Golgi (typically through late endosomes). Enzymes are tagged with mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) for targeting.
- (d) Golgi: The Golgi apparatus itself is a central station of vesicular trafficking, receiving proteins from the ER and distributing them to various destinations via vesicles.
