All are crystalloid solutions except:

Correct option is D

· Normal Saline: Composition: Contains 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) in water, making it isotonic to plasma.
· Classification: Isotonic crystalloid solution.
· Uses: Volume resuscitation, electrolyte replacement, and as a vehicle for drug administration.
· Ringer Lactate:Composition: Contains sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, and lactate as a buffer.
· Classification: Isotonic crystalloid solution.
· Uses: Preferred for fluid resuscitation in cases of burns, trauma, and metabolic acidosis due to its buffering capacity (lactate is converted to bicarbonate).
· 5% Dextrose (D5W):Composition: 5% glucose in water, initially isotonic but becomes hypotonic after glucose is metabolized.
· Classification: Hypotonic crystalloid solution.
· Uses: Used for hydration and to supply calories. It is also used in cases of hypernatremia.
· HES (Hydroxyethyl Starch):Composition: Contains large starch molecules dissolved in a saline or balanced electrolyte solution.
· Classification: Colloid solution.
· Uses: Primarily used for volume expansion by increasing oncotic pressure and retaining fluid in the vascular space.
· Why it is not a crystalloid: HES contains large, insoluble molecules, unlike crystalloids, which consist of small, water-soluble molecules.
Additional Information:
· Colloids: Substance containing particles larger than atoms
· Gelatin, butter, blood, colored gases are few examples of colloids
· Dehydration and kidney failure patients will be given with colloid solutions to treat