Against which powers Japan scored remarkable military victories in 1894-95 and 1904-05?

Correct option is B

The correct answer is (b) China and Russia.
Japan achieved two major military victories during this period:

1894-95: First Sino-Japanese War
Japan defeated China in a conflict primarily over control of Korea
This victory marked Japan's emergence as a modern military power and resulted in significant territorial gains, including Taiwan

1904-05: Russo-Japanese War
Japan defeated Russia, a major European power
This was a shocking upset at the time, as it was the first major victory of an Asian power over a European power in the modern era
The war was fought over imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea

These two victories were pivotal in establishing Japan as a major imperial and military power in East Asia and demonstrating the success of Japan's rapid modernization during the Meiji period.