Correct option is B
The correct answer is (B) Only (b)
Explanation:
According to the Economic Survey of India 2022-23, the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) at different school levels (comparing 2021-22 to 2013-14) shows:
Primary level: The GER has remained stable or slightly improved due to continued efforts like the Mid-Day Meal Scheme and Right to Education Act, 2009.
Hence, statement (a) is incorrect.
Hence, statement (a) is incorrect.
Upper primary level: The GER has shown a decline in 2021-22 compared to 2013-14, indicating challenges in retaining students after the primary stage, particularly in rural and socio-economically weaker areas.
Hence, statement (b) is correct.
Hence, statement (b) is correct.
Secondary level: The GER has generally improved, supported by initiatives such as Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) and scholarship schemes.
Hence, statement (c) is incorrect.
Hence, statement (c) is incorrect.
Additional Information (Other Options):
| Level | Trend (2013-14 → 2021-22) | Status | Reason |
| Primary | Stable / Improved | Not declined | Sustained efforts under SSA, RTE Act, Mid-Day Meal Scheme |
| Upper Primary | Declined | Declined | Dropout rates, lack of awareness, rural access issues |
| Secondary | Improved | Not declined | Government focus on secondary education, better infrastructure |
Information Booster:
Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER):
Measures the total enrolment at a given level of education (regardless of age) as a percentage of the official age-group population for that level.
A GER above 100% indicates over-age or under-age students are also enrolled.
Measures the total enrolment at a given level of education (regardless of age) as a percentage of the official age-group population for that level.
A GER above 100% indicates over-age or under-age students are also enrolled.
Challenges in GER:
High dropout rates at upper primary due to early employment and socio-economic issues.
Gender disparity and lack of access in rural regions.
Transition gaps between primary and secondary stages.
Government Initiatives to Improve GER:
Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan: Integrates all school education schemes to improve retention and learning outcomes.
Mid-Day Meal Scheme: Encourages attendance and reduces malnutrition.
Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya: Focuses on girls’ education in rural areas.
Digital Education Initiatives (DIKSHA, PM eVidya): Expands access to quality digital learning materials.
Final Answer: (B) Only (b)
Upper primary level saw a decline in Gross Enrolment Ratio between 2013-14 and 2021-22.
Upper primary level saw a decline in Gross Enrolment Ratio between 2013-14 and 2021-22.
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