ইকোনমি MCQ: Adda 247-এ আপনাকে স্বাগতম। ADDA 247 বাংলা আপনাকে WBCS, WBSSC, WBP, WBPSC, RAIL,SSC এবং BANK সহ সমস্ত প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য বাংলায় ইকোনমি MCQ দিচ্ছে। এখানে আপনি প্রতিদিন সমাধান সহ একাধিক পছন্দের প্রশ্ন এবং উত্তর পাবেন। এখানে আপনি সমস্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রশ্ন এবং উত্তর পাবেন যা আপনাকে আপনার জ্ঞান বাড়াতে এবং আপনাকে আপনার লক্ষ্য পূরণের দিকে এগিয়ে যেতে সাহায্য করবে। এই ইকোনমি MCQ নিয়মিত পড়ুন এবং পরীক্ষায় সফল হন।
| ইকোনমি MCQ | |
| বিষয় | ইকোনমি MCQ |
| বিভাগ | Daily Quiz |
| উদ্দেশ্য | WBP লেডি কনস্টবল পরীক্ষা |
ইকোনমি MCQ
Q1. সরকারী সংগ্রহের বিষয়ে WTO-এর চুক্তি সম্পর্কিত নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতিগুলি বিবেচনা করুন:
- এটি WTO সদস্যদের পারস্পরিকভাবে সরকারের কাছে পণ্য ও পরিষেবা বিক্রির জন্য তাদের বাজার খোলার অনুমতি দেয়।
- ভারত এই চুক্তিতে স্বাক্ষর করেনি।
উপরে প্রদত্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক?
(a) শুধুমাত্র 1
(b) শুধুমাত্র 2
(c) 1 এবং 2 উভয়ই
(d) 1 বা 2 কোনোটিই নয়
Q2. ভারতে পাট উৎপাদন সম্পর্কিত নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতিগুলি বিবেচনা করুন:
- গত 10 বছরে, ভারতে পাটের উৎপাদন দ্বিগুণেরও বেশি হয়েছে।
- বিশ্বের পাট রপ্তানিতে ভারতের 50 শতাংশেরও বেশি অংশ রয়েছে।
উপরে প্রদত্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক?
(a) শুধুমাত্র 1
(b) শুধুমাত্র 2
(c) 1 এবং 2 উভয়ই
(d) 1 বা 2 কোনোটাই নয়
Q3. ভারতের ফিউচার মার্কেট সম্পর্কিত নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতিগুলি বিবেচনা করুন:
- ফিউচার হল ডেরিভেটিভ আর্থিক চুক্তি যা ক্রেতাকে একটি সম্পদ ক্রয় করতে বা বিক্রেতাকে একটি পূর্বনির্ধারিত ভবিষ্যতের তারিখে এবং মূল্যে একটি সম্পদ বিক্রি করতে বাধ্য করে।
- ফিউচার মার্কেটে, বিনিয়োগকারীরা একটি অন্তর্নিহিত সম্পদের মূল্যের দিক নিয়ে অনুমান করে না।
- ভারতে স্টক এক্সচেঞ্জগুলি কর্পোরেট বন্ড সূচকগুলিতে ফিউচার চুক্তি প্রবর্তন করতে পারে৷
উপরে দেওয়া বিবৃতির কোনটি সঠিক হয়?
(a) শুধুমাত্র 1 এবং 2
(b) শুধুমাত্র 2 এবং 3
(c) শুধুমাত্র 1 এবং 3
(d) 1, 2 এবং 3
Q4. আন্তর্জাতিক উত্তর-দক্ষিণ ট্রানজিট করিডোর (INSTC) এর রেফারেন্সে, নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতিগুলি বিবেচনা করুন:
- এটি একটি বহু-মডাল পরিবহন করিডোর যা মধ্য এশিয়া এবং ইরান হয়ে রাশিয়া ও ভারতকে সংযোগকারী সড়ক, রেল এবং সামুদ্রিক রুটকে একত্রিত করে।
- এটি আশগাবাত চুক্তির একটি ফলাফল।
উপরে প্রদত্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক?
(a) শুধুমাত্র 1টি
(b) শুধুমাত্র 2
(c) 1 এবং 2 উভয়ই
(d) 1 বা 2 কোনোটিই নয়
Q5. ভারতে মেডিকেল ডিভাইস শিল্প সম্পর্কিত নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতি বিবেচনা করুন:
- ওষুধ ও প্রসাধনী আইন, 1940 এর অধীনে মেডিকেল ডিভাইসগুলি ওষুধ হিসাবে নিয়ন্ত্রিত হয়।
- ভারতে সমস্ত চিকিৎসা যন্ত্রের উৎপাদন সেন্ট্রাল ড্রাগস স্ট্যান্ডার্ড কন্ট্রোল অর্গানাইজেশন দ্বারা নিয়ন্ত্রিত হয়।
- মেডিকেল ডিভাইস উৎপাদনে 100 শতাংশ এফডিআই অনুমোদিত।
উপরে প্রদত্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক?
(a) শুধুমাত্র 1টি
(b) শুধুমাত্র 2 এবং 3
(c) শুধুমাত্র 1 এবং 3
(d) 1, 2 এবং 3
Q6. নন-ব্যাংকিং ফাইন্যান্স কোম্পানি- মাইক্রোফাইনান্স ইনস্টিটিউশন (NBFC-MFIs) সম্পর্কিত নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতিগুলি বিবেচনা করুন:
- NBFC-MFI-এর হিসাবে যোগ্যতা অর্জনের জন্য, তাদের ক্ষুদ্রঋণে তাদের সম্পদের কমপক্ষে 50% থাকতে হবে।
- NBFC-MFI গুলি ভারতীয় রিজার্ভ ব্যাঙ্ক দ্বারা নিয়ন্ত্রিত হয়৷
- বর্তমানে, NBFC-MFIs ক্ষুদ্রঋণ খাতের সর্বোচ্চ শেয়ারের জন্য অ্যাকাউন্ট করে।
উপরে প্রদত্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক?
(a) শুধুমাত্র 1
(b) শুধুমাত্র 2 এবং 3
(c) শুধুমাত্র 1 এবং 3
(d) 1, 2 এবং 3
Q7. মজুরি হার সূচক (WRI) সম্পর্কিত নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতি বিবেচনা করুন:
- এটি কেন্দ্রীয় পরিসংখ্যান অফিস দ্বারা সংকলিত হয়।
- WRI-তে মাইনিং সেক্টরের গুরুত্ব সবচেয়ে বেশি।
- বর্তমানে WRI গণনার ভিত্তি বছর হল 2016।
উপরে প্রদত্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক?
(a) শুধুমাত্র 1
(b) শুধুমাত্র 3টি
(c) শুধুমাত্র 1 এবং 2
(d) শুধুমাত্র 2 এবং 3
Q8. পাবলিক ডেবট ম্যানেজমেন্ট সেল (PDMC) সম্পর্কিত নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতিগুলি বিবেচনা করুন:
- এটি 2016 সালে অর্থনৈতিক বিষয়ক বিভাগের অধীনে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল।
- এটি ভারত সরকারের ঋণ গ্রহণের পরিকল্পনা, ঋণ ব্যবস্থাপনা কৌশল প্রণয়ন এবং নগদ নিরীক্ষণের মাধ্যমে সরকারি ঋণ ব্যবস্থাপনায় ভূমিকা পালন করে।
উপরে প্রদত্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক?
(a) শুধুমাত্র 1
(b) শুধুমাত্র 2
(c) 1 এবং 2 উভয়ই
(d) 1 বা 2 কোনোটিই নয়
Q9 ‘লং টার্ম রেপো অপারেশনস’ (LTRO) সম্পর্কিত নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতিগুলি বিবেচনা করুন:
- এটি RBI কে বর্তমান রেপো হারে 3 বছর পর্যন্ত ব্যাঙ্কগুলিকে কোনও জামানত ছাড়াই টাকা ধার দেওয়ার অনুমতি দেয়৷
- এটি তহবিল-ভিত্তিক ঋণের হারের প্রান্তিক খরচ কমাতে সাহায্য করে।
উপরে প্রদত্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক?
(a) শুধুমাত্র 1
(b) শুধুমাত্র 2
(c) 1 এবং 2 উভয়ই
(d) 1 বা 2 কোনোটাই নয়
Q10. ন্যাশনাল রিয়েল এস্টেট ডেভেলপমেন্ট কাউন্সিল (NAREDCO) সম্পর্কিত নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতি বিবেচনা করুন:
- এটি রিয়েল এস্টেট (নিয়ন্ত্রণ ও উন্নয়ন) আইন, 2016 এর অধীনে প্রতিষ্ঠিত একটি সংবিধিবদ্ধ সংস্থা৷
- কেন্দ্রীয় আবাসন ও নগর বিষয়ক মন্ত্রী NAREDCO-এর প্রধান পৃষ্ঠপোষক হিসাবে কাজ করেন৷
উপরে প্রদত্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক?
(a) শুধুমাত্র 1
(b) শুধুমাত্র 2
(c) 1 এবং 2 উভয়ই
(d) 1 বা 2 কোনোটাই নয়
ইকোনমি MCQ সমাধান
S1.Ans.(c)
Sol.
Government Procurement is a plurilateral agreement within the framework of the WTO, meaning that not all WTO members are parties to the Agreement. At present, the Agreement has 21 parties comprising 48 WTO members.
o Thirty-five WTO members/observers participate in the Committee on Government Procurement as observers. Out of these, 11 members are in the process of acceding to the Agreement. The fundamental aim of the GPA is to mutually open government procurement markets among its parties. Thus it seeks to allow WTO members to mutually open up their markets for selling goods and services to governments. Hence statement 1 is correct.
The GPA is composed mainly of two parts: the text of the Agreement and parties’ market access schedules of commitments.
o The text of the Agreement establishes rules requiring that open, fair and transparent conditions of competition be ensured in government procurement. However, these rules do not automatically apply to all procurement activities of each party.
o Rather, the coverage schedules play a critical role in determining whether a procurement activity is covered by the Agreement or not.
o Only those procurement activities that are carried out by covered entities purchasing listed goods, services or construction services of a value exceeding specified threshold values are covered by the Agreement. x India recently denied any plans to join the WTO’s GPA. Hence statement 2 is correct.
S2.Ans.(d)
Sol.
x As per third advance estimates, India’s jute economy declined to 1.77 million tonnes in 2021-22, from 2.03 million tonnes in 2011-12, along the ongoing decline in the average area under jute cultivation. Hence statement 1 is not correct. x India is world’s largest producer of raw jute, followed by Bangladesh and China. o In exports, India’s share is just 7% of the global jute exports while Bangladesh accounts for nearly 75%. Hence statement 2 is not correct. x Jute is an important cash crop, also known as golden fibre, is a long, soft, and shiny natural fibre used in many textile applications.
Area of production: Primarily grown in West Bengal, Odisha, Assam, Meghalaya, and Tripura.
Climatic conditions: It requires humid climate with temperature between 24-38 degree Celsius.
Ganga delta is excellent for jute cultivation due to its fertile alluvium soil & favorable temperature (25-30 degree).
Minimum rainfall required is 1000 mm
Mandatory Packaging in Jute Materials: At present, 100% of food grains and a minimum of 20% of sugar are to be compulsorily packed in jute sacking.
S3.Ans.(c)
Sol.
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) recently allowed stock exchanges to introduce futures contracts on corporate bond indices. The move is aimed to enhance liquidity in the bond market and also to provide an opportunity to investors to hedge their positions. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
To start with, exchanges have been permitted to launch derivative contracts on indices of corporate debt securities rated AA+ and above. Sebi said constituents of the index should have adequate liquidity and diversification at the issuer level and it should be reviewed periodically. The constituents should be aggregated at the issuer level for the purpose of determining exposure limits for a single issuer, group and sector. A single issuer should not have more than 15% weight in the index, which should have at least eight issuers. Futures are derivative financial contracts that obligate parties to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined future date and price. The buyer must purchase or the seller must sell the underlying asset at the set price, regardless of the current market price at the expiration date. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Investors can use futures contracts to speculate on the direction of the price of an underlying asset. Hence, speculation is a significant aspect as investors buy futures to sell it before maturity. Speculators are primary participants in the futures market. A speculator is any individual or firm that accepts risk in order to make a profit. Speculators can achieve these profits by buying low and selling high. But in the case of the futures market, they could just as easily sell first and later buy at a lower price. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
S4.Ans.(a)
Sol.
The INSTC is a 7,200 km-long multi-modal transportation route linking the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea via Iran and onward to northern Europe via St. Petersburg in Russia. Hence statement 1 is correct. Once fully operational, the INSTC is expected to reduce freight costs by 30% and journey time by 40% in comparison with the conventional deep sea route via the Suez Canal. India’s investment in the INSTC is exemplified by its involvement in Iran’s Chabahar port and the construction of a 500-km Chabahar-Zahedan railway line. Once completed, this infrastructure will allow India access to Afghanistan and central Asia, a prospect strengthened by the Taliban government’s support for the project. The legal framework for the INSTC is provided by a trilateral agreement signed by India, Iran and Russia at the Euro-Asian Conference on Transport in 2000.
Since then, 10 other central Asian and west Asian countries—Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, Belarus, Oman and Syria have joined to become members of the INSTC, with Bulgaria as an observer. The Ashgabat Agreement, however, is a multimodal transport agreement signed in 2011 by Iran, Oman, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan to facilitate trade, transport, and transit connectivity within Eurasia and synchronising it with other regional transport corridors such as the INSTC between Central Asia and the Persian Gulf. Subsequently, Pakistan and Kazakhstan joined the agreement in 2016, and India in 2018. The Ashgabat Agreement allowed New Delhi to access the Central Asian markets and the region’s high- value mineral reserves, including uranium, copper, titanium, ferroalloys, yellow phosphorous, iron ore, and rolled metal, by bypassing Pakistan’s hostility and Afghan instability. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
S5.Ans.(c)
Sol.
Presently, medical devices are regulated as “drugs” under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. Hence statement 1 is correct. Medical Devices Rules, 2017 notified by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, laid out the regulatory framework. Following regulatory authorities have jurisdiction over medical devices in India: CDSCO, State Drug Licensing Authorities (also referred to as the state licensing authorities or SLAs), National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA), Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP).
Class C & D Medical Devices are regulated by CDSCO while manufacturing of Class A & B Medical devices is regulated by the concerned SLAs. (Not all medical devices). Hence statement 2 is not correct.
However, sale and distribution of all classes of Medical Devices are regulated by the SLAs. 100% FDI allowed in medical devices sector. Hence statement 3 is correct.
S6.Ans.(b)
Sol.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released its final guidelines for microfinance institutions (MFIs) that will be applicable to all entities (banks, small finance banks and NBFCs) engaged in this sector last year.
Unlike the earlier definition that distinguished between rural and urban, RBI has now set a common household limit of Rs 300,000 for loans to qualify as microfinance. For entities to qualify for an NBFC- MFI license, they should have at least 75% of assets in microfinance and the cap on NBFCs was increased to 25% of assets as against 10% earlier. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
The guidelines are positive for NBFC-MFIs, especially because it levels the playing field for them (hitherto the 10% spread cap was applicable only to NBFC-MFIs) and it allows the board to create a policy that prices the credit risk adequately. Increasing the household income threshold to Rs 300,000 will also expand the addressable market for MFI players.The NBFC-MFIs (non banking finance company-micro finance institutions) group dominated the microfinance market with portfolio share of 35.1% as of September last year, credit information services company Crif High Mark said in a report. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Microfinance is a financial service provided to low-income individuals or groups who otherwise would have no other access to financial services. Microfinance allows people to take small business loans in a manner that is consistent with ethical lending practices. There are basically two distinct approaches for extending micro finance services in India viz. the Bank led approach called Self Help Group–Bank Linkage Programme (SHG-BLP), and the Micro Finance Institution (MFI) led approach. Microfinance industry in India is diverse with several types of players delivering financial services viz. credit, insurance and pension to the low income households. x The various microfinance industry players are broadly categorized into five types: Banks, NBFC- MFIs, Small Finance Banks, NBFCs and Non-profit MFIs. All of these, except the Non-profit MFIs, are regulated by RBI. The Non-profit MFIs are mostly registered as Societies or Trusts and are regulated by the respective Acts. Voluntary agencies /NGOs were also active in the sector as financial intermediaries and were mostly registered as trusts or societies. Many of them have helped in the growth of the sector by helping SHGs to organize themselves into federations that performed many non-financial but crucial functions like social and capacity building functions, SHG promotion training, undertaking internal audit and serving as backward and forward linkages. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
S7.Ans.(b)
Sol.
Wage Rate Index (WRI) Numbers depict the movement of relative change experienced in wage rates over a period of time. x It is compiled by the Labour Bureau, an attached office of the Ministry of Labour & Employment. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
Recently, as per the recommendations of International Labour Organization (ILO), National Statistical Commission (NSC) etc. the base year of Wage Rate Index numbers has been revised from 1963-65=100 to 2016=100 by the Labour Bureau, Ministry of Labour & Employment to enhance the coverage and to make index more representative. Hence statement 3 is correct.
The manufacturing sector has the highest share in WRI. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
S8.Ans.(c)
Sol.
A Middle Office (MO) was set up in the department of economic affairs (DEA), Ministry of Finance in September 2008 to advise the Government on public debt management. Subsequently, upon the announcement in Lok Sabha in April 2015 by Hon’ble Finance Minister, consultations were held with RBI and other stakeholders on establishment of Public Debt Management Agency in India and it was decided to initially set up a Public Debt Management Cell (PDMC) as an interim arrangement.
o This was considered necessary to ensure separation of debt management functions form RBI gradually and seamlessly, without causing market disruptions. x Accordingly, a Public Debt Management Cell (PDMC) was set up in DEA on October 4, 2016. Hence statement 1 is correct.
o only advisory functions were assigned to PDMC to avoid any conflict with the statutory functions of RBI.
Since then, the PDMC has been playing important role in public debt management through planning the borrowing of GoI, formulating debt management strategy, cash monitoring and management, increased interaction with market participants etc. Cash management has become important due to sharp fluctuations being seen in the Govt. receipts and payments for last three years. Hence statement 2 is correct.
Other major function undertaken by PDMC is dissemination of information on public debt through periodical reports o Publications include an annual Government Debt Status Paper (since 2010), Handbook of Statistics on Central Government Debt (since 2013) and Debt Management Strategy document (2015). o Government has consolidated all these publications into a single report ‘Status Paper on Government Debt’ to bring complete government Debt and its Management related information at one place.
S9.Ans.(b)
Sol.
The LTRO is a framework that allows the central bank to lend money to banks for one to three years at the current repo rate in exchange for collateralized government assets with a similar or longer term. This tool provides banks with liquidity for their one- to three-year requirements, in contrast to the RBI’s present windows of liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) and marginal standing facility (MSF), which provide funds for their short-term needs of 1-28 days. LTRO operations are designed to stop the market’s short-term interest rates from diverging significantly from the repo rate, which serves as the policy rate. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
Banks would have to submit their requests at the current policy repo rate during the window timeframe for the amount requested under the LTRO. Bids that fall below or exceed the policy rate will be rejected. The minimum bid would be one crore rupees and multiples of that. No ceiling will be placed on the highest bid placed by any bidder.
LTRO enables the RBI to ensure that banks’ marginal cost of funds-based lending rates are lowered while policy rates are left unaltered. It also shows the market that RBI’s monetary policy would use new methods in addition to changing repo rates and conducting open market operations to accomplish its objectives. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
S10.Ans.(b)
Sol.
National Real Estate Development Council (NAREDCO) was established, in 1998, under the aegis of Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Govt. of India, and is the premier real estate government industry association of India. o It aims to provide the government, real estate industry and the general public a legitimate platform to address their concerns and find effective solutions for issues plaguing the real estate sector.
It hopes to raise the standards of operations related to building, construction and marketing in the real estate sector. They participate in the formulation of national policies for fiscal reforms and work towards boosting economic development by acting as a catalyst in the Indian Real Estate Industry.
NAREDCO’s structure comprises of National, State and City Councils ensuring that the Policy Recommendations by NAREDCO are a true reflection ground realities and capture the geographical spread. While the National Council concentrates on macro issues, the State Councils address state level concerns and City Councils focus on local and ground issues.
NAREDCO has recently set up a finance committee to enable member developers to easily access funds from banks and financial institutions. x NAREDCO is an autonomous self-regulatory body established in 1998 under Ministry for Housing & Urban Affairs. Hence statement 1 is not correct. x Union Minister for Housing & Urban Affairs serves as Chief Patron of NAREDCO. Hence statement 2 is correct.
NAREDCO strives to create an environment that promotes the growth of the real estate industry in India, partnering industry and government alike through advisory and consultative processes.
