Who introduced the system of Dagh and Huliyah and cash payment to soldiers in the Delhi sultanate?

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a) Alauddin Khalji.
 Alauddin Khalji, the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate from 1296 to 1316, introduced the system of Dagh (branding of horses) and Huliyah (descriptive rolls of soldiers).
 This system was part of his military reforms to ensure the efficiency and loyalty of his army.
 The branding of horses was implemented to prevent corruption and ensure that horses were not replaced or exchanged fraudulently.
 Descriptive rolls of soldiers helped in maintaining accurate records of the troops and their capabilities.
 Alauddin Khalji also introduced the system of cash payment to soldiers instead of granting them jagirs (land assignments), which aimed at professionalizing the army and ensuring their regular payment.
 These measures contributed to strengthening the military might of the Delhi Sultanate and consolidating Alauddin Khalji’s control over his empire.
Other Reforms by Alauddin Khalji:
 Market Control Measures: Also known as 'Hisba' reforms, included the establishment of separate markets for different commodities and appointment of market officers (shahnas) to enforce price controls.
 Revenue Reforms: Introduced through 'Dahshala' (ten-year settlement) which involved the measurement of land and assessment of agricultural produce for taxation.
 Agrarian Reforms: Included the 'Kharaj' system, which was a land tax directly collected from peasants, reducing the power of local chieftains and landlords (zamindars).
 Administrative Reforms: Consolidated through initiatives like 'Iqta' system reorganization, where revenue collection and military administration were streamlined.