Who differentiated city as 'Parasite (dampens effect on economic growth) and generative(acts as a center of change and stimulates economic growth?

Correct option is C

Hoselitz

Bert F. Hoselitz, a noted economist and sociologist, categorized cities into two types: Parasite and Generative. According to him:

• Generative cities act as centers of innovation, change, and economic development, fostering industrialization and modernization.
• Parasite cities tend to dampen economic growth as they do not contribute actively to economic progress and often depend on external resources.

Hoselitz emphasized that cities in developing countries often display characteristics of both types, where some urban centers promote industrialization while others act as administrative or commercial hubs without significantly contributing to productive economic activities.

Information Booster:

• Bert F. Hoselitz was a development economist known for his works on the relationship between cities and economic development.
• He believed that urbanization plays a crucial role in economic transformation but can have different effects based on the city's nature.
• Generative cities contribute to industrialization, create employment, and encourage technological advancements.
• Parasite cities are often bureaucratic or administrative centers that consume resources without significantly contributing to economic output.
• Hoselitz linked his analysis to structuralist economic theories, where development patterns depend on social and institutional factors.
• His study was influential in urban planning and economic geography, influencing policies on urban development in emerging economies.
• The differentiation between parasite and generative cities is still relevant in discussions on sustainable urbanization.

Additional Information:

• Park & Burgess: Developed the Concentric Zone Model, explaining urban growth and social structure in cities. Their model suggests cities expand outward in zones of development.
• A. G. Frank: Known for Dependency Theory, which argues that underdevelopment in some regions is a result of exploitation by developed countries.
• R. K. Mukerjee: A prominent Indian sociologist who studied social structures and urbanization in India, contributing to discussions on development and social change.