Who developed the Human Development Index (H.D.I.) ?

Correct option is D

The correct answer is (d) UNDP.

The Human Development Index (HDI) was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990. It was conceptualized by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and later refined with the help of Amartya Sen, an Indian economist and Nobel laureate.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite metric developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to assess and compare the overall development levels of countries. It evaluates three key dimensions:

1. Health: Measured by life expectancy at birth.

2. Education: Assessed through mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 and older, and expected years of schooling for children entering school.

3. Standard of Living: Gauged by gross national income (GNI) per capita.

These dimensions are combined to produce an HDI value ranging from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating greater human development.

Additional Information:

Global HDI Rankings

According to the 2023-24 Human Development Report, which is based on 2022 data, the top-ranking countries are:

1. Switzerland: HDI of 0.967

2. Norway: HDI of 0.966

3. Iceland: HDI of 0.959

These nations exhibit high life expectancy, advanced educational attainment, and substantial per capita income.

India's HDI Performance

India's HDI has shown consistent improvement over the years. In the 2023-24 report, India achieved an HDI of 0.644, placing it at 134 out of 193 countries.