Who considered democracy as a type of society in which political elites are recruited from different social strata on the basis of individual merit ?

Correct option is C

T. B. Bottomore, a renowned sociologist, provided significant insights into the concept of elites and their role in democracy. In his work, Bottomore explained that democracy is a system where political elites are not confined to a single class or group but are recruited from various social strata based on their individual merit and capability. This perspective challenges the notion that elites are hereditary or belong exclusively to an aristocratic or ruling class.

Key Features of Bottomore's Concept:

1. Meritocracy in Democracy: He emphasized that modern democracies provide opportunities for individuals from diverse backgrounds to ascend into leadership roles.
2. Social Mobility: Democracy facilitates social mobility by allowing capable individuals to rise regardless of their origin.
3. Elite Circulation: Bottomore highlighted that elites are dynamic and subject to change in democratic systems.

This theory is a blend of classical elite theory and the ideals of egalitarian democracy.

Key Points:

1. Democracy, according to Bottomore, ensures representation of talent from various sections of society.
2. His ideas are significant in understanding the functioning of pluralistic democracies.

Information Booster:

• C. W. Mills: Known for The Power Elite, where he argued that a small group controls major decisions in society, contrary to Bottomore's merit-based view.
• S. R. Maheshwari: An Indian political scientist, known for his work on public administration but not related to elite theory in democracy.
• Robert Michels: Proposed the "Iron Law of Oligarchy," arguing that democracy inevitably leads to elite rule, which contrasts Bottomore's emphasis on merit-based recruitment.

Additional Information:

• Bottomore’s views align with the democratic ideals of equal opportunity and meritocracy.
• His work has been influential in studies of political sociology and comparative politics.
• The idea of "elite circulation" highlights the potential of democracy to balance power dynamics over time.