Correct option is D
Explanation:
Stanley Fish is not typically associated with Cultural Imperialism. Fish is a prominent figure in literary theory, known for his work on reader-response criticism, which focuses on how readers create meaning from texts rather than the external context of the text or its socio-political implications.
His work is largely concerned with how meaning is produced in the interaction between the text and the reader's individual responses.
On the other hand, Cultural Imperialism is a concept that deals with the domination of one culture over others through various means, including media, politics, and language. This concept is largely connected to scholars like Raymond Williams, Alan Sinfield, and Jonathan Dollimore, who have analyzed the influence of culture, media, and the arts within the contexts of power, class, and the dissemination of ideologies.
Information Booster:
Stanley Fish:
Stanley Fish is a well-known American literary theorist and critic. He is best known for his contributions to reader-response theory, which suggests that the meaning of a text is not fixed but rather is constructed by the reader. His famous works include Is There a Text in This Class? (1980), where he asserts that the reader's role is central to interpreting texts. His focus has primarily been on literary theory rather than cultural imperialism or postcolonial theory.
Raymond Williams:
Williams was a British cultural critic and theorist, known for his work in cultural materialism. He was highly influential in discussions of cultural imperialism, as he critically examined the ways in which culture serves as a tool for maintaining power and social control. Williams was a Marxist thinker, and his theories have deeply shaped the field of cultural studies. His notable works include Culture and Society (1958) and The Long Revolution (1961).
Jonathan Dollimore:
Dollimore is a British scholar and an important figure in cultural materialism and queer theory. His work explores the relationship between culture and power, particularly in the context of Cultural Imperialism. In his influential book Sexual Dissidence (1991), he explores how sexuality intersects with power structures, drawing on themes of imperialism, oppression, and resistance.
Alan Sinfield:
Sinfield is a prominent scholar in cultural studies and literary theory, particularly known for his work on cultural materialism and Cultural Imperialism. He has analyzed how literature and culture reflect social and political power dynamics, and he is particularly interested in how class, gender, and sexuality play into cultural domination and oppression. Sinfield's key works include The Wilde Century (1994), which explores how cultural norms around sexuality were constructed.