Which type of wave is primarily formed on a stretched string when plucked or disturbed?

Correct option is D

The correct answer is: (d) Transverse wave

Explanation:

• When a stretched string (like a guitar or violin string) is plucked or disturbed, the wave that travels along it is a transverse wave.

• In a transverse wave, the particles of the medium (string) move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

• The vibrations of the string go up and down, while the wave energy moves horizontally along the string.

• This behavior is characteristic of strings under tension and is a foundational concept in wave mechanics.

• Transverse waves have crests and troughs.

• Examples: Light waves, ripples on water, and vibrations on a stretched string.

• The speed of a transverse wave on a string depends on the tension and the mass per unit length of the string.

• Standing waves (stationary waves) on strings are formed by superposition of two opposite transverse waves.

• Only transverse waves can be polarized.

• Transverse waves do not require a medium in the case of electromagnetic waves, but string vibrations do.

• Electromagnetic wave: These are transverse but do not require a medium; found in light, radio, etc., not applicable to string vibrations.

• Surface wave: These occur at the interface of two media, like water waves, and involve both longitudinal and transverse motion.

• Torsional wave: Involves twisting motion around the axis, seen in rods or shafts — not typically seen in strings.