Which type of pump discharges the same volume of water regardless of the head against which they operate?

Correct option is C

· Correct answer: (c) Reciprocating pump
· Reciprocating pumps discharge the same volume of water regardless of the head against which they operate. They are positive displacement pumps.
Other options:
· (a) Centrifugal pump: The discharge depends on the head and is not constant.
· (b) Vertical turbine pump: Similar to centrifugal pumps, their discharge varies with head.
· (d) Submersible pump: Discharge varies with head, similar to centrifugal pumps.