Which test is used to measure water pollution?

Correct option is A

The correct answer is: (a) Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of the amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to decompose organic matter in water over a specific time period (usually 5 days at 20°C). It is a key indicator of water pollution. Higher BOD values indicate higher levels of organic pollution, as more oxygen is consumed by microorganisms to break down the organic material.

Formula:
BOD = Initial Dissolved Oxygen (DO) – Final Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Key Points About BOD:

• BOD is expressed in milligrams of oxygen per liter (mg/L).
• A high BOD value indicates water heavily polluted with organic waste.
• Low BOD suggests cleaner water with less organic material.

Uses of BOD Measurement:

• Assessing the pollution levels in wastewater.
• Monitoring the health of aquatic ecosystems.
• Evaluating the efficiency of sewage treatment plants.

Additional Information:

Government-Led Initiatives to Curb Water Pollution:

• Namami Gange Program:
  A flagship program aimed at rejuvenating the Ganga River by controlling pollution, ensuring proper sewage treatment, and promoting biodiversity conservation.
• National Water Mission:
  Part of the National Action Plan on Climate Change, focusing on water conservation, recycling, and minimizing pollution.
• CPCB Guidelines:
  The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) monitors water quality and implements pollution control measures across the country.
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:
  Aims to improve sanitation infrastructure, prevent open defecation, and manage solid waste to reduce water pollution.
• Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules:
  Protect and restore wetlands, which play a vital role in filtering pollutants and maintaining water quality.
• National River Conservation Plan (NRCP):
  Targets the reduction of pollution in major rivers through sewage treatment and public awareness campaigns.
• Atal Bhujal Yojana:
  Focuses on sustainable groundwater management to reduce water contamination at the source.