Which scholar termed one of the philosophies underlying Directive Principles – “Fabian Socialism without Socialism”?

The correct answer is D

The scholar who termed one of the philosophies underlying the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) – “Fabian Socialism without Socialism” – was Ivor Jennings .

· Ivor Jennings was a British jurist and constitutional expert who made significant observations on the Indian Constitution.

· He used this phrase to describe the socialist and economic justice principles embedded in the DPSP, noting their influence from Fabian Socialism (a British socialist movement aiming for gradual, reformist change rather than revolution).

· However, he added "without Socialism" because the Constitution itself, in his view, did not fully commit to a complete socialist state but rather provided a framework for socio-economic reforms.

· Sardar Patel (A): A prominent leader of the Indian National Congress and Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was instrumental in the integration of the princely states. While deeply involved in the making of the Constitution, this quote is not attributed to him.

· Ramsay Muirs (B): While the name might sound similar to individuals involved in the socialist movement or constitutional history, the quote is not generally associated with a prominent figure of this name in the context of Indian constitutional philosophy.

·Rajagopalachari (C): Also known as C.R. or Rajaji, he was the last Governor-General of India and a staunch opponent of Nehru's socialist policies later in his career, co-founding the Swatantra Party. This quote is not associated with him.

· Fabian Socialism: A British movement that favored gradual, non-revolutionary social change and the establishment of socialism through parliamentary democracy and democratic means. Many of the DPSPs, such as promoting equal pay for equal work, living wages, and ensuring a decent standard of living, reflect these gradual, state-guided social reform ideals.

 Other Key Observations on DPSPs:

o   K.C. Wheare described the DPSPs as "a declaration of the social and economic ends that the various governments in India are to pursue."

o   Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described the DPSPs as the "Novel Feature" of the Indian Constitution, representing a vast field for future legislation.

o   M.C. Chagla called them the "Conscience of the Constitution."