Which research treats physical and social world as objects based on standardized data?

Correct option is C

Quantitative research treats phenomena, including physical and social worlds, as measurable entities, gathering standardized data to achieve statistically valid conclusions. This approach often employs numerical data, statistics, and objective measurements to describe and understand patterns, causality, and relationships within research.
Information Booster:
1. Standardization: Uses tools like surveys and experiments to ensure data consistency.
2. Objectivity: Relies on detachment from the subject matter to maintain unbiased results.
3. Application: Commonly used in fields requiring measurable results, like psychology, sociology, and market research.
Additional Information:
· (a) Empirical Research: Involves observation and experience but isn’t confined to quantitative methods.
· (b) Action Research: Involves participative approaches to solve real-life issues, often qualitative.
· (d) Qualitative Research: Focuses on subjective experiences and interpretation rather than standardized, measurable data.