Correct option is A
Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees the protection of life and personal liberty. It states that "No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law." The rights included under Article 21 have been expanded by the judiciary through various landmark judgments. However, the "Right to die" is not included under Article 21. The Supreme Court of India, in several cases, has ruled that the "Right to life" does not include the "Right to die." The right to life includes the right to live with dignity, and the right to livelihood has also been interpreted to be a part of the right to life.
Information Booster:
1. Right to Life: Article 21 ensures the protection of life and liberty, which includes a dignified life, personal freedoms, and safety.
2. Right to Dignity: The right to life under Article 21 has been interpreted to include the right to live with human dignity.
3. Right to Livelihood: Through judicial interpretation, the right to livelihood has been considered an integral part of the right to life.
4. Judicial Activism: The expansion of Article 21's scope is a prime example of judicial activism in India.
5. Euthanasia: The Supreme Court, in the case of Aruna Shanbaug (2011), allowed passive euthanasia under strict guidelines but did not recognize the right to die as a fundamental right.
6. Important Cases: Notable cases like Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) and Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985) expanded the interpretation of Article 21.
Additional Information:
· Right to Life (b): This includes all elements necessary for a meaningful, complete, and dignified life, extending to the right to privacy, shelter, health, and the environment.
· Right to Livelihood (c): In the Olga Tellis case (1985), the Supreme Court recognized that the right to livelihood is an integral part of the right to life.
· Right to Dignity (d): This is a broad concept that encompasses the protection of personal liberty, mental well-being, and respect within the society, all being crucial elements under Article 21.
