Which one of the following is not a network topology?

Correct option is A

Network topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of network devices and connections. Common types include Bus, Ring, Star, and Mesh.
However, peer-to-peer (P2P) is not a network topology; it is a network architecture or model that describes how devices communicate rather than their physical layout.
Important Key Points:
1. Understanding Network Topologies:
· Ring Topology → (b) ✅ Correct Topology
· Devices are connected in a closed loop, with data traveling in one or both directions.
· Bus Topology → (c) ✅ Correct Topology
· Devices share a single communication line (bus), and data travels in both directions.
· Peer-to-peer (P2P) → ❌ Not a Topology
· P2P is a networking model, not a physical topology.
· It defines how devices share resources directly without a central server (e.g., torrents, file sharing).
Knowledge Booster:
· Topologies define physical layouts, while P2P and client-server define communication models.
· Common topologies include Bus, Ring, Star, Mesh and Hybrid.
· Peer-to-peer networks are widely used in file sharing (BitTorrent) and blockchain technology.